Overview

Here you can find the files for the February 2026 introduction to R, RStudio and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) course for LCG-UNAM at CCG-UNAM (February 10-13, 2026). The rest of the chapters will be in Spanish.

Instructor:

Teaching assistants:

Guest presenters:

Course Coordinators:

  • Heladia Salgado
  • Julio Collado Vides

Download the materials for this course with usethis::use_course('lcolladotor/rnaseq_LCG-UNAM_2026') or view online at lcolladotor.github.io/rnaseq_LCG-UNAM_2026.

Code of Conduct

We’ll follow the CDSB code of conduct comunidadbioinfo.github.io/codigo-de-conducta/ as well as version 1.4.0 of the Bioconductor code of conduct bioconductor.github.io/bioc_coc_multilingual/.

For reporting any violations of the code of conduct, report them to the Instructor and/or Course Coordinators.

Course Schedule

Local times in Cuernavaca, Mexico

  • Tuesday February 10:
    • 9-11 am: introduction to R, Positron, usethis and here
    • 12-2 pm: introduction to GitHub Copilot with Positron, and connecting Positron to GitHub
  • Wednesday February 11:
    • 9-11 am: introduction to Bioconductor
    • 12-2 pm: expression data R/Bioconductor objects and visualization: SummarizedExperiment and iSEE
  • Thursday February 12:
    • 9-11 am: downloading RNA-seq data using recount3
    • 12-2 pm: making your own website with postcards
  • Friday February 13:
    • 9-11 am: exploring statistical models with ExploreModelMatrix
    • 12-1pm: current examples of RNA-seq data analysis
    • 1-2 pm: differential expression analysis with limma
        • review
        • R/Bioconductor-powered Team Data Science overview + open discussion (career paths, networking, etc)

Course Prerequisites

  • Install R 4.5.x from CRAN.
  • Install Positron which will be our Interactive Development Environment (IDE) of choice for the course.
    • Alternatively, you could install RStudio IDE version RStudio 2026.01.0 or newer.
  • In either case, you will also need to install Air for automatic code formatting.
  • You will also have to requesst access to the GitHub Education pack in order to use GitHub Copilot Pro 🤖.
  • Finally install the following R packages:
## For installing Bioconductor packages
if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE)) {
    install.packages("BiocManager")
}

## Install required packages
BiocManager::install(
    c(
        "usethis", ## Utilities
        "here",
        "biocthis",
        "lobstr",
        "postcards",
        "sessioninfo",
        "SummarizedExperiment", ## Main containers / vis
        "iSEE",
        "edgeR", ## RNA-seq
        "ExploreModelMatrix",
        "limma",
        "recount3",
        "pheatmap", ## Visualization
        "ggplot2",
        "patchwork",
        "RColorBrewer",
        "ComplexHeatmap",
        "spatialLIBD" ## Advanced
    )
)

Getting set up

Here are more step by step instructions for the course prerequisites.

You must install R and Positron (available from Posit) on your computing environment. As an alternative to Positron, you can install RStudio IDE.

These are three different applications that must be installed separately before they can be used together:

  • R is the core underlying programming language and computing engine that we will be learning in this course

  • RStudio IDE is an interface into R that makes many aspects of using and programming R simpler

  • Positron is a new interface for working with R developed by Posit (formerly RStudio). All new features are being implemented in Positron, but as it was just recently released, it might have some bugs. If you are choosing between RStudio IDE and Positron, check https://positron.posit.co/faqs.html#is-rstudio-going-away.

R, RStudio IDE, and Positron are available for Windows, macOS, and most flavors of Unix and Linux. Please download the version that is suitable for your computing setup.

Throughout the course, we will make use of numerous R add-on packages that must be installed over the Internet. Packages can be installed using the install.packages() function in R. For example, to install the tidyverse package, you can run

install.packages("tidyverse")

in the R console.

We will also use Git to version control your code, which you can install following the Happy Git and GitHub for the useR book. Through the GitHub Education pack we will get free access to GittHub Copilot Pro to help us write code: think about it as an enhanced auto-complete. Finally, we’ll use Air for automatically formatting our R code.

How to Download R for Windows

Go to https://cran.r-project.org and

  1. Click the link to “Download R for Windows”

  2. Click on “base”

  3. Click on “Download R 4.5.2 for Windows”

Video Demo for Downloading R for Windows
Video Demo for Downloading R for Windows

The version in the video is not the latest version of R. Please download the latest version.

How to Download R for the Mac

Go to https://cran.r-project.org and

  1. Click the link to “Download R for (Mac) OS X”.

  2. Click on “R-4.5.2-arm64.pkg” (for Apple Silicon Macs)

Video Demo for Downloading R for the Mac
Video Demo for Downloading R for the Mac

The version in the video is not the latest version of R. Please download the latest version.

How to Download RStudio IDE

Go to https://posit.co/ (formerly https://rstudio.com) and

  1. Click on “Free & Open Source” in the top menu

  2. Click on “RStudio IDE” in the drop down menu

  3. Click the button that says “DOWNLOAD RSTUDIO DESKTOP”

  4. Click the button under “Download RStudio” which will take you to https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/

  5. Under the section “All Installers and Tarballs” choose the file that is appropriate for your operating system.

Video Demo for Downloading RStudio
Video Demo for Downloading RStudio

NOTE: The video shows how to download RStudio for the Mac but you should download RStudio for whatever computing setup you have.

How to Download Positron

Go to https://posit.co/ and

  1. Click on “Free & Open Source” in the top menu

  2. Click on “Positron” in the drop down menu

  3. Click on “Download Positron” which will take you to https://positron.posit.co/download.html

  4. Read the license agreement.

  5. Accept the license agreement.

  6. On the table with all the download options, choose the file that is appropriate for your operating system.

How to Download Git

Install Git on your computer following the detailed instructions at https://happygitwithr.com/install-git, which will depend on your operating system.

Create your GitHub account

Create a personal GitHub account following the instructions at https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/signing-up-for-github/signing-up-for-a-new-github-account.

Following Jeff Leek’s advice on How to be a modern scientist that was part of my team’s bootcamps at https://lcolladotor.github.io/bioc_team_ds/how-to-be-a-modern-scientist.html, try to choose a username that will be the same one you use on your email and other work-related social media platforms such as Bluesky, LinkedIn, etc.

If you are using Positron, under the “Accounts” options (bottom left corner), click on “Sign in with GitHub \[...\]”, provide the 8 digit code, and authorize “posit-dev”.

How to Apply for GitHub Education and configure GitHub Copilot

Go to https://github.com/education and

  1. Click on “Join GitHub education” (likely https://github.com/settings/education/benefits?locale=en-US)
  2. Sign in to your GitHub account if you haven’t logged in
  3. Click on “Start Application”
  4. There will be a few options to verify that you are a student. One of them is by having a photo of your student ID with dates showing that your student ID is still valid. I’ve used a screenshot of my Faculty website at https://publichealth.jhu.edu/faculty/4647/leonardo-collado-torres when validating my information.
  5. Wait a few days for GitHub to process your application.
  6. Once your application has been approved, if you are using RStudio IDE follow the instructions at https://docs.posit.co/ide/user/ide/guide/tools/copilot.html to enable GitHub Copilot in RStudio IDE. I have the “Index project files with GitHub Copilot” checkbox enabled on my preferences.
  7. If you are using Positron, follow the instructions at https://positron.posit.co/assistant to enable “Positron assistant”. Then under the “Positron Assistant” chat, click on “Add Anthropic as a Chat Provider”, then select “GitHub Copilot” and click “Sign in”.

How to get Air (auto-code formatter)

Go to https://posit-dev.github.io/air/ and

  1. Click on “RStudio” if you are using RStudio IDE. That will take you to https://posit-dev.github.io/air/editor-rstudio.html where you will find the detailed installation instructions.

    • Note that I recommend enabling the Tools -> Global Options -> Code -> Saving and check Reformat documents on save option. Particularly if you are working on your own code.
  2. Click on “VS Code and Positron” if you are using Positron. That will take you to https://posit-dev.github.io/air/editor-vscode.html where some options and configuration steps are described. Note however, that Air is already available from Positron. You will need to open your settings.json file from the Command Palette (Shift + Cmd + P on Mac/Linux, Shift + Ctrl + P on Windows):

    • Run Preferences: Open Workspace Settings (JSON) to modify workspace specific settings (recommended).

    • Run Preferences: Open User Settings (JSON) to modify global user settings (preferred option if you are not working with code from others). Then edit your settings.json with the relevant lines about R code formatting and Air as shown below:

      {
          "files.associations": {
              "renv.lock": "json"
          },
          "positron.assistant.gitIntegration.enable": true,
          "positron.assistant.showTokenUsage.enable": true,
          "positron.assistant.toolDetails.enable": true,
          "[r]": {
              "editor.formatOnSave": true,
              "editor.defaultFormatter": "Posit.air-vscode"
          }
      }
    1. You can also configure a few options at positron://settings/air.dependencyLogLevels and related settings.

Course Evaluation

  • Participation
    • (main evidence) written and/or verbal participation during class
      • This is tracked by day by the TA. Each day counts as a category.
    • (optional, strongly encouraged for your own career) Community building: CDSB Slack (introduce yourself), Bluesky, GitHub, etc. These are tracked by the TA: please let the TA know of your participations.
      • GitHub issues on the course repository
      • CDSB Slack #bienvenida channel
      • Bioconductor Zulip #introductions channel
      • Bluesky posts related to the course
    • Grading:
      • 0%: no participation
      • 25%: participation in only 1 out of 8 categories (4 days, 4 public participation categories)
      • 50%: participation in 2 out of 8 categories
      • 75%: participation in 3 out of 8 categories
      • 100%: participation in 4 or more categories
  • Public work
    • (main evidence) Taking notes on your GitHub class notes repositories
    • (optional) Deploy an iSEE shiny app on shinyapps.io
    • (advanced and optional) R package with notes following usethis::create_package() + biocthis::use_bioc_pkg_templates().
  • Final project
    • (main evidence) code in a public GitHub repository (different from the notes one) following the structure from LieberInstitute/template_project
    • (optional) a rendered Rmd file (RPubs, GitHub, etc) on a public URL
    • (optional advanced) Copy this repository, remove all the Rmds except the index.Rmd and edit accordingly. GitHub Actions will then help you render it. You’ll need to fetch the gh-pages branch and at least make one commit for the HTML to be available such as this commit. You might also run into this GitHub default permission setting that you’ll need to change.

The final grade will be a weighted average from the evaluation by the TA (20%), your public work (40%) and your final project (40%).

Projects, public work and notes are due at 9 am US Eastern on Monday February 23rd, though we recommend doing any work related to this course by Friday February 20th.

R session information

Details on the R version used for making this book. The source code is available at lcolladotor/rnaseq_LCG-UNAM_2026.

## Load the package at the top of your script
library("sessioninfo")

##  Utilities
library("BiocStyle")
library("biocthis")
library("here")
library("lobstr")
library("postcards")
library("usethis")
library("sessioninfo")

## Main containers / vis
library("SummarizedExperiment")
library("iSEE")

## RNA-seq
library("edgeR")
library("ExploreModelMatrix")
library("limma")
library("recount3")

## Visualization
library("ComplexHeatmap")
library("ggplot2")
library("patchwork")
library("pheatmap")
library("RColorBrewer")

## Advanced
library("spatialLIBD")
## Reproducibility information
options(width = 120)
session_info()
## ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  setting  value
##  version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
##  os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
##  system   x86_64, linux-gnu
##  ui       X11
##  language (EN)
##  collate  en_US.UTF-8
##  ctype    en_US.UTF-8
##  tz       UTC
##  date     2026-02-02
##  pandoc   3.8.2.1 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
##  quarto   1.7.32 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto
## 
## ─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  package              * version   date (UTC) lib source
##  abind                  1.4-8     2024-09-12 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  AnnotationDbi          1.72.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  AnnotationHub          4.0.0     2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  attempt                0.3.1     2020-05-03 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  beachmat               2.26.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  beeswarm               0.4.0     2021-06-01 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  benchmarkme            1.0.8     2022-06-12 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  benchmarkmeData        2.0.0     2026-01-19 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  Biobase              * 2.70.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocFileCache          3.0.0     2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocGenerics         * 0.56.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocIO                 1.20.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocManager            1.30.27   2025-11-14 [2] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocNeighbors          2.4.0     2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocParallel           1.44.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocSingular           1.26.1    2025-11-17 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocStyle            * 2.38.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  biocthis             * 1.20.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  BiocVersion            3.22.0    2025-10-07 [2] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  Biostrings             2.78.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  bit                    4.6.0     2025-03-06 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  bit64                  4.6.0-1   2025-01-16 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  bitops                 1.0-9     2024-10-03 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  blob                   1.3.0     2026-01-14 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  bookdown               0.46      2025-12-05 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  bslib                  0.10.0    2026-01-26 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  cachem                 1.1.0     2024-05-16 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  cigarillo              1.0.0     2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  circlize               0.4.17    2025-12-08 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  cli                    3.6.5     2025-04-23 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  clue                   0.3-66    2024-11-13 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  cluster                2.1.8.1   2025-03-12 [3] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
##  codetools              0.2-20    2024-03-31 [3] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
##  colorspace             2.1-2     2025-09-22 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  colourpicker           1.3.0     2023-08-21 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  ComplexHeatmap       * 2.26.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  config                 0.3.2     2023-08-30 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  cowplot                1.2.0     2025-07-07 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  crayon                 1.5.3     2024-06-20 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  curl                   7.0.0     2025-08-19 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  data.table             1.18.2.1  2026-01-27 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  DBI                    1.2.3     2024-06-02 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  dbplyr                 2.5.1     2025-09-10 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  DelayedArray           0.36.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  digest                 0.6.39    2025-11-19 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  doParallel             1.0.17    2022-02-07 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  dplyr                  1.1.4     2023-11-17 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  DT                     0.34.0    2025-09-02 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  edgeR                * 4.8.2     2025-12-25 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  evaluate               1.0.5     2025-08-27 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  ExperimentHub          3.0.0     2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  ExploreModelMatrix   * 1.22.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  farver                 2.1.2     2024-05-13 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  fastmap                1.2.0     2024-05-15 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  filelock               1.0.3     2023-12-11 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  foreach                1.5.2     2022-02-02 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  fs                     1.6.6     2025-04-12 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  generics             * 0.1.4     2025-05-09 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  GenomicAlignments      1.46.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  GenomicRanges        * 1.62.1    2025-12-08 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  GetoptLong             1.1.0     2025-11-28 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  ggbeeswarm             0.7.3     2025-11-29 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  ggplot2              * 4.0.1     2025-11-14 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  ggrepel                0.9.6     2024-09-07 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  GlobalOptions          0.1.3     2025-11-28 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  glue                   1.8.0     2024-09-30 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  golem                  0.5.1     2024-08-27 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  gridExtra              2.3       2017-09-09 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  gtable                 0.3.6     2024-10-25 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  here                 * 1.0.2     2025-09-15 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  htmltools              0.5.9     2025-12-04 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  htmlwidgets            1.6.4     2023-12-06 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  httpuv                 1.6.16    2025-04-16 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  httr                   1.4.7     2023-08-15 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  httr2                  1.2.2     2025-12-08 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  igraph                 2.2.1     2025-10-27 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  IRanges              * 2.44.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  irlba                  2.3.7     2026-01-30 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  iSEE                 * 2.22.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  iterators              1.0.14    2022-02-05 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  jquerylib              0.1.4     2021-04-26 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  jsonlite               2.0.0     2025-03-27 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  KEGGREST               1.50.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  knitr                  1.51      2025-12-20 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  later                  1.4.5     2026-01-08 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  lattice                0.22-7    2025-04-02 [3] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
##  lazyeval               0.2.2     2019-03-15 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  lifecycle              1.0.5     2026-01-08 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  limma                * 3.66.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  listviewer             4.0.0     2023-09-30 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  lobstr               * 1.1.3     2025-11-14 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  locfit                 1.5-9.12  2025-03-05 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  magick                 2.9.0     2025-09-08 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  magrittr               2.0.4     2025-09-12 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  MASS                   7.3-65    2025-02-28 [3] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
##  Matrix                 1.7-4     2025-08-28 [3] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
##  MatrixGenerics       * 1.22.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  matrixStats          * 1.5.0     2025-01-07 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  memoise                2.0.1     2021-11-26 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  mgcv                   1.9-4     2025-11-07 [3] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  mime                   0.13      2025-03-17 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  miniUI                 0.1.2     2025-04-17 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  nlme                   3.1-168   2025-03-31 [3] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
##  otel                   0.2.0     2025-08-29 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  paletteer              1.7.0     2026-01-08 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  patchwork            * 1.3.2     2025-08-25 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  pheatmap             * 1.0.13    2025-06-05 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  pillar                 1.11.1    2025-09-17 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  pkgconfig              2.0.3     2019-09-22 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  plotly                 4.12.0    2026-01-24 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  png                    0.1-8     2022-11-29 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  postcards            * 0.2.3     2022-01-07 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  promises               1.5.0     2025-11-01 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  purrr                  1.2.1     2026-01-09 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  R.cache                0.17.0    2025-05-02 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  R.methodsS3            1.8.2     2022-06-13 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  R.oo                   1.27.1    2025-05-02 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  R.utils                2.13.0    2025-02-24 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  R6                     2.6.1     2025-02-15 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rappdirs               0.3.4     2026-01-17 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  RColorBrewer         * 1.1-3     2022-04-03 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  Rcpp                   1.1.1     2026-01-10 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  RCurl                  1.98-1.17 2025-03-22 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  recount3             * 1.20.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  rematch2               2.1.2     2020-05-01 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  restfulr               0.0.16    2025-06-27 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.2)
##  rintrojs               0.3.4     2024-01-11 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rjson                  0.2.23    2024-09-16 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rlang                  1.1.7     2026-01-09 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rmarkdown              2.30      2025-09-28 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rprojroot              2.1.1     2025-08-26 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  Rsamtools              2.26.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  RSQLite                2.4.5     2025-11-30 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rstudioapi             0.18.0    2026-01-16 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rsvd                   1.0.5     2021-04-16 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  rtracklayer            1.70.1    2025-12-22 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  S4Arrays               1.10.1    2025-12-01 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  S4Vectors            * 0.48.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  S7                     0.2.1     2025-11-14 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  sass                   0.4.10    2025-04-11 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  ScaledMatrix           1.18.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  scales                 1.4.0     2025-04-24 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  scater                 1.38.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  scuttle                1.20.0    2025-10-30 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  Seqinfo              * 1.0.0     2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  sessioninfo          * 1.2.3     2025-02-05 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  shape                  1.4.6.1   2024-02-23 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  shiny                  1.12.1    2025-12-09 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  shinyAce               0.4.4     2025-02-03 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  shinydashboard         0.7.3     2025-04-21 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  shinyjs                2.1.1     2026-01-15 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  shinyWidgets           0.9.0     2025-02-21 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  SingleCellExperiment * 1.32.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  SparseArray            1.10.8    2025-12-18 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  SpatialExperiment    * 1.20.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  spatialLIBD          * 1.22.0    2025-11-04 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  statmod                1.5.1     2025-10-09 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  styler                 1.11.0    2025-10-13 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  SummarizedExperiment * 1.40.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  tibble                 3.3.1     2026-01-11 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  tidyr                  1.3.2     2025-12-19 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  tidyselect             1.2.1     2024-03-11 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  usethis              * 3.2.1     2025-09-06 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  vctrs                  0.7.1     2026-01-23 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  vipor                  0.4.7     2023-12-18 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  viridis                0.6.5     2024-01-29 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  viridisLite            0.4.2     2023-05-02 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  withr                  3.0.2     2024-10-28 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  xfun                   0.56      2026-01-18 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  XML                    3.99-0.20 2025-11-08 [1] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  xtable                 1.8-4     2019-04-21 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
##  XVector                0.50.0    2025-10-29 [1] Bioconductor 3.22 (R 4.5.2)
##  yaml                   2.3.12    2025-12-10 [2] RSPM (R 4.5.0)
## 
##  [1] /__w/_temp/Library
##  [2] /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
##  [3] /usr/local/lib/R/library
##  * ── Packages attached to the search path.
## 
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
proc.time()
##    user  system elapsed 
##  11.363   0.950  11.944

This book was last updated at 2026-02-02 02:19:43.207339.

© 2011-2020. All thoughts and opinions here are my own. The icon was designed by Mauricio Guzmán and is inspired by Huichol culture; it represents my community building interests.

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